R(r)elações I(i)nternacionais, Realismo e Análise da Política Externa (APE): contextualizando a invenção da APE
I(i)nternational R(r)elations, Realism and Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA): contextualizing the invention of FPA
Resumo
Este artigo faz uma contextualização do nascimento da Análise da Política Externa (APE). Apresenta uma análise historiográfica da invenção APE e da sua relação com os anos formativos da disciplina das Relações Internacionais (RI). O seu objetivo é o de iluminar a relação entre a história e a teoria da origem da APE como campo de estudo autónomo. O artigo está organizado em três partes. Em primeiro, identifica as origens europeias e norte-americanas do estudo da Política Externa e a sua ligação com as policy sciences. Em segundo, relaciona o surgimento do Realismo com o estudo tradicional da política externa e sintetiza as principais críticas teórico-metodológica introduzidas pela APE. Finalmente, apresenta uma análise dos principais marcos e inovações teóricas das abordagens que inventaram APE e propõe um modelo de análise sociocultural da política externa dos Estados. O artigo defende dois argumentos. Primeiro, a invenção da APE inscreve-se num contexto histórico e académico de protesto contra a visão tradicional de pensar e investigar a política externa. Segundo, é necessário assumir a interligação entre contextos históricos e contextos científicos na evolução teórica das RI e da APE.
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